RECORDING 1
DATE/TIME: 3/november/2003 (5 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is hidden into a thick bush in an oak wood (Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris) - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: territorial "tic" call - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: this call is mainly used in territorial defence: notice the rapid and irregular rate of delivery typical when the bird is challenging a conspecific. - MIC: (U)
recording 1 (163 KB) - * - spectrogram 1 (26 KB)
RECORDING 2
DATE/TIME: 12/january/2003 (8 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is perched on a hedgerow placed between an oak wood and cultivated fields. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: territorial "tic" call. - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: striking difference in delivery rate if compared with Recording 1: this Robin is not performing a vocal duel with a neighbour. - MIC: (U)
recording 2 (206 KB) - * - spectrogram 2 (18 KB)
RECORDING 3
DATE/TIME: 9/may/2004 (7 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is hidden into a thick bush in an oak wood (Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris). - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: spring full song. - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: notice the typical features of the robin song: all phrases in a song bout are different, the syllables which form different phrases are all different, each phrase is characterised by alternating in pitch between high and low frequencies. - MIC: (A)
recording 3 (321 KB) - * - spectrogram 3 (59 KB)
RECORDING 4
DATE/TIME: 13/october/2004 (11 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR:the bird is hidden into a bush near the border of an oak wood (the same as above). Probably it is answering to a far conspecific bird. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: autumn song. - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: Some authors claim that this song is different from that sung during spring. I have found a significant difference in the mean lenght of phrases (autumn phrases are shorter than spring ones) but no difference in pitch (minimal and maximal dominant frequencies). There are also less fluting notes in autumn than in spring song. - MIC: (A)
recording 4 (233 KB) - * - spectrogram 4 (59 KB)
RECORDING 5
DATE/TIME: 3/october/2004 (6.30 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR:the bird is hidden into an oak wood (the same as above). There are some other robins calling nearby ("tic" call). - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: "seeep" call, maybe alarm and/or antagonistic call. - SEX/AGE: unknown - MIC: (A)
recording 5 (143 KB) - * - spectrogram 5 (18 KB)
RECORDING 6
DATE/TIME: 3/november/2007 (10.30 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is perched (not seen) on an olive tree near a house. Zone with cultivated fields, hedgerows and deciduous wood. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: zip call (so called "foraging call"). - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: Robin song in the background. Time interval between some calls has been reduced (see spectrograms, true interval = 12 and 9 s). - MIC: (P)
recording 6 (151 KB) - * - spectrogram 6 (30 KB)
RECORDING 7
DATE/TIME: 9/october/2010 (2 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is perched (well in sight) on an olive tree near a house. Zone with cultivated fields, hedgerows and deciduous wood. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: zip call (so called "foraging call"). - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: The Robin was perched on the top of the olive tree and it was singing. Then it flew on the thick low branches of the tree and uttered some calls. Actually it didn't feed while it was calling. - MIC: (P)
recording 7 (207 KB) - * - spectrogram 7 (23 KB)
RECORDING 8
DATE/TIME: 8/february/2013 (4.30 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is perched (well in sight) on a bush of a small copse. Zone with cultivated fields, hedgerows and deciduous wood. - POSITION: Montepò near Scansano, LAT. N. 42°44' /LONG. E 11°20' - ALTITUDE: +480 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: full song. - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: Enjoy the beautiful song of this small bird ! Note the typical features of this song: there is no repetition of phrases, all phrases are different; there is often an abrupt increase and decrease of tone in the same phrase; the gap between highest and lowest frequencies is often high. Background: Robin song and Hooded Crow call. - MIC: (P)
recording 8 (2440 KB) - * - spectrogram 8 (304 KB)
RECORDING 9
DATE/TIME: 2/november/2013 (11.30 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is perched (well in sight) on a bush near a house. Zone with marsh, small copses and hedgerows. - POSITION: Diaccia Botrona marsh, LAT. N. 42°45'/LONG. E 10°54' - ALTITUDE: 0 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: territorial "tic" call. - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: Note the variability of the emission rhythm and amplitude (loudness) of this call. The Robin utters also one foraging call (see spectrograms). Background: Water Rail, Robin and Grey Heron call. - MIC: (P)
recording 9 (767 KB) - * - spectrogram 9 (132 KB)
RECORDING 10
DATE/TIME: 16/october/2010 (2 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: the bird is perched (well in sight) on the top of an olive tree near a house. Zone with vineyards, hedgerows, copses and olive groves. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT. N. 42 36' /LONG. E 11 16' - ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: song. - SEX/AGE: unknown - COMMENT: Another sample of autumn song. Background: Robin song. The original recording was cut off (see spectrogram time axis). - MIC: (P)
recording 10 (289 KB) - * - spectrogram 10 (71 KB)