RECORDING 1
DATE/TIME: 2/april/2004 (10 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird is hidden in a thick bush at the border of an oak wood. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT.N 42° 36'/LONG.E 11° 17'- ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: full song. - SEX/AGE: adult male - COMMENT: Enjoy the beautiful and extremely varied song of the nightingale! The audio sample reports 3 phrases, while the spectrograms show 5 consecutive phrases of a long song bout. The interval between phrases has been reduced in the audio sample and in the spectrograms. Red squares indicate the spectrograms corresponding to audio sample. Mean interval between phrases = 4.69 s (S.D. = 1.00; n = 24). The whistling syllables uttered in accelerando (circled blue in the first spectrogram) are distinctive of the species. - MIC: (A)
recording 1 (452 KB) - * - spectrogram 1 (107 KB)
RECORDING 2
DATE/TIME: 14/july/2003 (7.30 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird is hidden in a thick bush near a small pond. Zone with cultivated fields and deciduous woods. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT.N 42° 36'/LONG.E 11° 17'- ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: warning / threat call often uttered near the nest. - SEX/AGE: unknown. - MIC: (U)
recording 2 (66 KB) - * - spectrogram 2 (16 KB)
RECORDING 3
DATE/TIME: 5/may/2003 (4.30 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird is hidden in a thick bush at the border of an oak wood. Zone with cultivated fields and deciduous woods. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT.N 42° 36'/LONG.E 11° 17'- ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: full song. - SEX/AGE: adult male. - COMMENT: Another wonderful song example. The audio sample reports 2 phrases, while the spectrograms show 5 consecutive phrases of a long song bout. Red squares indicate the spectrograms corresponding to audio sample. Mean interval between phrases = 2.60 s (S.D. = 0.53; n = 24) - MIC: (U)
recording 3 (148 KB) - * - spectrogram 3 (115 KB)
RECORDING 4
DATE/TIME: 1/august/2006 (8 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird is hidden in the thick vegetation cover on the banks of Voltina pond near the Ombrone river (flat zone with cultivated land). - POSITION: Voltina pond near Grosseto, LAT.N 42° 43' /LONG.E 11° 05'- ALTITUDE: +0 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: alarm call. - SEX/AGE: unknown. - MIC: (A)
recording 4 (148 KB) - * - spectrogram 4 (115 KB)
RECORDING 5
DATE/TIME: 28/april/2007 (6.30 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird - not in sight - is hidden in a bush at the border of a deciduous forest. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT.N 42° 36'/LONG.E 11° 17'- ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: alarm call. - SEX/AGE: unknown. - COMMENT: The call is repeated over and over probably because I am close to the bird. Background: other Nightingales sing nearby. - MIC: (A)
recording 5 (477 KB) - * - spectrogram 5 (49 KB)
RECORDING 6
DATE/TIME: 25/may/2007 (6 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird - not in sight - is hidden in thick underbrush at the border of a deciduous forest. - POSITION: Poderone near Magliano in Toscana, LAT.N 42° 36'/LONG.E 11° 17'- ALTITUDE: +130 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: full song. - SEX/AGE: adult male. - COMMENT: Note the beautiful variety of this song. Background: Nightingale song and Turtle Dove call. - MIC: (A)
recording 6 (1912 KB) - * - spectrogram 6 (253 KB)
RECORDING 7
DATE/TIME: 2/june/2011 (8 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: The bird - not in sight - is hidden in some thick bushes along the course of a creek. - POSITION: Torrente Trasubbie near Baccinello, LAT.N 42° 47'/LONG.E 11° 19'- ALTITUDE: +100 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: full song. - SEX/AGE: adult male. - COMMENT: The song phrases of this bird are longer than the previous one. Background: Nightingale song. - MIC: (P)
recording 7 (1620 KB) - * - spectrogram 7 (450 KB)
RECORDING 8
DATE/TIME: 3/july/2011 (8.30 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: At least two nightingales are hidden - not in sight - in a hedgerow near a ditch. Zone with a willow copse on the bank of a lake. - POSITION: Perotto Lake (an artificial reservoir with a barrage) near Montiano, LAT.N 42°37'/LONG.E 11°15' - ALTITUDE: +70 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: alarm call and threat / warning call. - SEX/AGE: unknown. - COMMENT: The threat / warning call (see spectrograms) is uttered usually near the nest site. Background: Blackcap. - MIC: (P)
recording 8 (203 KB) - * - spectrogram 8 (43 KB)
RECORDING 9
DATE/TIME: 28/april/2012 (6 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: One Nightingale is hidden - not in sight - in a thick hedgerow near a farm road. Zone with pastures, hedgerows and olive groves. - POSITION: S. Francesco near Montiano, LAT.N 42°38'/LONG.E 11°15' - ALTITUDE: +190 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: alarm call, threat / warning call and tick call. - SEX/AGE: unknown. - COMMENT: The bird was probably disturbed by my presence (I was very close to the hedgerow). The tick call sounds like a bill snapping (see spectrograms). Background: Hoopoe and Great Tit. - MIC: (P)
recording 9 (346 KB) - * - spectrogram 9 (43 KB)
RECORDING 10
DATE/TIME: 23/august/2012 (6.15 a.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: Some Nightingales are hidden - not in sight - in a tree line with bushes. Zone with pastures, hedgerows and uncultivated land. - POSITION: Poggio Maestrino near Montiano, LAT.N 42°39'/LONG.E 11°12' - ALTITUDE: +220 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: threat / warning call. - SEX/AGE: unknown. - COMMENT: I was far from the birds. Probably there was an aggressive interaction among the Nightingales and/or with other birds. Background: rooster call. Note that the spectrogram parameters are different from those of the previous recordings. - MIC: (P)
recording 10 (569 KB) - * - spectrogram 10 (73 KB)
RECORDING 11
DATE/TIME: 15/july/2013 (6 p.m.) - IDENTIFICATION AND BEHAVIOUR: One Nightingale is hidden - not in sight - in a thick copse on the banks of the Fiora river. Zone with pastures, copses and cultivated land. - POSITION: San Martino sul Fiora, LAT.N 42°39'/LONG.E 11°37' - ALTITUDE: +210 m. - VOCALIZATION TYPE: song. - SEX/AGE: adult male. - COMMENT: Note the short phrases with spaced and hesitant syllables. July is the end of the singing period for the Nightingales in Southern Tuscany. Background: noise from cicadas. - MIC: (P)
recording 11 (708 KB) - * - spectrogram 11 (325 KB)